1. If the distance between two charges is halved, the force between them... A. Is doubled B. Is halved C. Increases by four times D. Decreases by four times
2. The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is independent of A. Intensity of incident light B. Frequency of incident light C. Wavelength of incident light D. Work function of the material
3. The principle that electrons fill orbitals starting from the lowest energy level is known as: A. Hund's Rule B. Pauli Exclusion Principle C. Aufbau Principle D. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
4. Electric potential energy is... A. Positive when the charge is at rest B. Zero when the charge is infinitely far from the source charge C. Negative when the charges are opposite in sign D. Both B and C
5. In which of the following situations is pair production likely to occur? A. When the X-ray photon interacts with a nucleus B. When an electron strikes an atom C. When an X-ray photon interacts with an electron D. When X-rays pass through matter without any interaction
6. Which of the following is the unit of magnetic field strength? A. Tesla B. Weber C. Ampere D. Volt
7. Which of the following materials is a good conductor of electricity? A. Wood B. Glass C. Copper D. Rubber
8. The electric field at a point due to a positive charge is... A. Radially outward B. Radially inward C. Tangential to the surface D. None of the above
9. What is the formula for calculating the magnetic force on a moving charge? A. F = qvBsin(θ) B. F = qBv C. F = qvB D. F = qB
10. What is the force between two point charges directly proportional to? A. Distance between the charges B. The magnitude of the charges C. The medium between the charges D. The speed of the charges
11. Which of the following is true about the electric potential at a point? A. It depends on the magnitude of the charge B. It depends on the position relative to other charges C. It is always positive D. It is the same everywhere in a conductor
12. In an X-ray tube, the filament at the cathode is heated by: A. Direct current B. Alternating current C. Both direct and alternating current D. High voltage supply
13. Which of the following is the right expression for the force on a moving charge in a magnetic field? A. F = qvBcos(θ) B. F = qvBsin(θ) C. F = qBv D. F = qBcos(θ)
14. The electric field intensity at a point due to a positive charge is... A. In the direction of the charge B. Away from the charge C. Opposite to the direction of the charge D. None of the above
15. The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted in the photoelectric effect is given by A. K.E. = hf - φ B. K.E. = hf + φ C. K.E. = hν - φ D. K.E. = φ - hf
16. The threshold frequency for a material depends on A. The intensity of light B. The wavelength of light C. The material’s work function D. The color of the light
17. Which of the following is true about the electric potential energy of two charges? A. It is positive for like charges and negative for opposite charges B. It is always positive C. It is always negative D. It is independent of the type of charge
18. The potential difference between two points in an electric field is independent of... A. The path taken between the points B. The charges placed at the points C. The voltage source D. The geometry of the field
19. Which of the following statements is true about isotopes? A. Isotopes of the same element have different numbers of protons B. Isotopes of the same element have the same number of neutrons C. Isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties D. Isotopes of the same element have different atomic numbers
20. The photoelectric effect provides evidence for the concept of A. Waves in light B. Photons in light C. Electric fields in light D. Magnetic fields in light
21. In the photoelectric effect, the energy of the emitted electron depends on A. The frequency of the light B. The intensity of the light C. The speed of the light D. The polarization of light
22. Which of the following best describes a magnetic field created by a moving charge? A. It is directed radially outward from the charge B. It is circular and perpendicular to the velocity of the charge C. It is uniform in magnitude D. It does not exist
23. If the velocity of a charged particle in a magnetic field is doubled, the magnetic force on the particle... A. Is doubled B. Is halved C. Is quadrupled D. Remains the same
24. The photoelectric effect provides evidence that light has A. A constant speed B. A dual nature (wave-particle nature) C. No mass D. Mass as large as electrons
25. What happens when a charged particle enters a magnetic field at an angle of 90° to the field lines? A. It moves in a straight line B. It moves in a circle C. It slows down D. It accelerates indefinitely
26. The intensity of the X-ray beam is proportional to: A. The square of the electron energy B. The number of electrons hitting the target per second C. The wavelength of the X-rays D. The distance from the X-ray source
27. The energy of the emitted electrons increases when the frequency of light is A. Increased B. Decreased C. Doubled D. Halved
28. The chemical behavior of an element is mainly determined by the number of: A. Protons in its nucleus B. Neutrons in its nucleus C. Electrons in its outer shell D. Neutrons and protons combined
29. According to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, if we know the position of an electron very precisely, then: A. Its velocity is also known precisely B. Its momentum is precisely known C. Its energy is uncertain D. Its momentum is uncertain
30. Which of the following does NOT affect the electric field between two charges? A. The magnitude of the charges B. The distance between the charges C. The sign of the charges D. The medium between the charges
31. In the photoelectric effect, when the intensity of light is increased, the number of emitted electrons A. Increases B. Decreases C. Remains unchanged D. Becomes zero
32. The emission spectra of atoms can be explained by: A. The transition of electrons between energy levels B. The energy of electrons remaining constant C. The electrons scattering off light D. Electrons forming pairs
33. In the photoelectric effect, if the frequency is greater than the threshold frequency, the emitted photoelectron's energy depends on A. The intensity of the incident light B. The frequency of the light C. The temperature of the surface D. The area of the metal surface
34. If the frequency of light is equal to the threshold frequency, the energy of the emitted photoelectron is A. Zero B. Maximum C. Negative D. Equal to the work function
35. Which of the following X-ray interactions contributes the most to the production of radiation in the body? A. Photoelectric absorption B. Compton scattering C. Rayleigh scattering D. Pair production
36. In the case of uniform electric fields, the work done in moving a charge depends on... A. The angle of the electric field B. The distance the charge moves C. The velocity of the charge D. None of the above
37. Which of the following describes the motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field if the velocity is parallel to the magnetic field? A. The particle moves in a straight line B. The particle moves in a circle C. The particle moves in a spiral D. The particle experiences no force
38. The motion of a charged particle in an electric field is described by which law? A. Ohm's Law B. Coulomb’s Law C. Newton’s Second Law D. Gauss’s Law
39. The photoelectric effect was experimentally demonstrated by A. Albert Einstein B. Max Planck C. Heinrich Hertz D. Wilhelm Röntgen
40. Which of the following statements is true for a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field? A. The force is proportional to the velocity of the particle B. The force is perpendicular to the velocity of the particle C. The force is parallel to the velocity of the particle D. The force is independent of the charge
41. Which of the following does NOT produce an electric field? A. A charged particle B. A battery C. A moving charge D. An uncharged conductor
42. The energy of the emitted photoelectron depends on A. The frequency of the incident light B. The intensity of the light C. The wavelength of light D. The time of exposure to the light
43. Which of the following has the highest electric potential energy? A. Two positive charges placed near each other B. Two negative charges placed near each other C. A positive charge and a negative charge placed near each other D. A charge and a neutral object
44. The energy of the emitted electron depends on A. The frequency of the incident light B. The intensity of the light C. The angle of incidence D. The type of metal used
45. According to the photoelectric effect, the work function is A. The energy required to remove an electron from the material B. The energy required to excite an electron to a higher energy level C. The energy required to ionize an atom D. The energy of an incident photon
46. In the photoelectric effect, the emitted electrons have kinetic energy A. Less than the energy of the incident photons B. Equal to the energy of the incident photons C. Greater than the energy of the incident photons D. Dependent on the work function
47. Which of the following statements is true about the X-ray beam? A. It is always monochromatic B. It consists of a single wavelength C. It is composed of a range of wavelengths D. It is always directed perpendicular to the target
48. Which of the following materials is commonly used as the target in an X-ray tube? A. Copper B. Lead C. Tungsten D. Aluminum
49. If the potential difference between two points is increased, the electric field between the points... A. Decreases B. Increases C. Remains the same D. Depends on the distance between the points
50. In the photoelectric effect, the emitted electrons are A. Always emitted immediately after the light strikes B. Ejected with a delay depending on light intensity C. Ejected after a certain threshold frequency is reached D. Always emitted at constant energy